4.7 Article

Citrate-Stabilized Gold Nanorods-Directed Osteogenic Differentiation of Multiple Cells

Journal

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
Volume 16, Issue -, Pages 2789-2801

Publisher

DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S299515

Keywords

citrate-stabilized; gold nanorods; osteogenic differentiation; multiple cells; Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [81802135, 81972124, 81730067, 81420108021]
  2. Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20200121, 20170123]
  3. Nanjing University Innovation Program for PhD candidate [CXYJ2162]
  4. Key project in Medical science and Technology Development of Nanjing [ZKS18020]
  5. National Key Research and Development Project [2018YFF0301100]
  6. 789 Outstanding Talent Program of SAHNMU

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The study demonstrated that citrate-stabilized gold nanorods have good biocompatibility and can promote osteogenic differentiation of multiple cell types through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway.
Objective: Gold nanorods (AuNRs) show great potential for versatile biomedical applications, such as stem cell therapy and bone tissue engineering. However, as an indispensable shape-directing agent for the growth of AuNRs, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is not optimal for biological studies because it forms a cytotoxic bilayer on the AuNR surface, which interferes with the interactions with biological cells. Methods: Citrate-stabilized AuNRs with various aspect-ratios (Cit-NRI, Cit-NRII, and CitNRIII) were prepared by the combination of end-selective etching and poly(sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate)-assisted ligand exchange method. Their effects on osteogenic differentiation of the pre-osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3-E1), rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), and human periodontal ligament progenitor cells (PDLPs) have been investigated. Potential signaling pathway of citrate-stabilized AuNRs-induced osteogenic effects was also investigated. Results: The experimental results showed that citrate-stabilized AuNRs have superior biocompatibility and undergo aspect-ratio-dependent osteogenic differentiation via expression of osteogenic marker genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and formation of mineralized nodule. Furthermore, Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway might provide a potential explanation for the citrate-stabilized AuNRs-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion: These findings revealed that citrate-stabilized AuNRs with great biocompatibility could regulate the osteogenic differentiation of multiple cell types through Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, which promote innovative AuNRs in the field of tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.

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