Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063134
Keywords
COVID-19; metabolic diseases; natural supplements
Funding
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute
- Fondazione Roma
- Master Degree in Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rome Tor Vergata
- Cure Alliance
- North America's Building Trades Unions
- Diabetes Research Institute Foundation
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COVID-19 is the worst pandemic since H1N1, and while vaccination is increasing, a feasible approach for prevention and therapy is still needed. Metabolic diseases may be linked to severe COVID-19, and dietary factors could play a key role in preventing disease progression. Various agents could inhibit severe COVID-19 characteristics, and rigorous studies are essential for validating preventive and therapeutic protocols.
COVID-19 is without any doubt the worst pandemic we have faced since the H1N1 virus outbreak. Even if vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection is becoming increasingly available, a more feasible approach for COVID-19 prevention and therapy is still needed. Evidence of a pathological link between metabolic diseases and severe forms of COVID-19 has stimulated critical reflection and new considerations. In particular, an abnormal immune response observed in certain patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection suggested possible common predisposing risk factors with autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Correct supplementation with dietary factors may be key to preventing and counteracting both the underlying metabolic impairment and the complications of COVID-19. A set of agents may inhibit the cytokine storm and hypercoagulability that characterize severe COVID-19 infection: vitamin D3, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols like pterostilbene, polydatin and honokiol, which can activate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant sirtuins pathways, quercetin, vitamin C, zinc, melatonin, lactoferrin and glutathione. These agents could be highly beneficial for subjects who have altered immune responses. In this review, we discuss the antiviral and metabolic effects of these dietary factors and propose their combination for potential applications in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Rigorous studies will be fundamental for validating preventive and therapeutic protocols that could be of assistance to mitigate disease progression following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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