Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105167
Keywords
crop-yield improvement; breeding; inflorescence development; genome editing
Funding
- National Science Foundation [IOS-1546837]
- NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowships in Biology Program [2010642]
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [2010642] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This review discusses the knowledge of inflorescence yield-related traits in cereal crops, introduces recent advances in breeding optimization using genome-editing technologies, and anticipates a new era of breeding practice.
Artificial domestication and improvement of the majority of crops began approximately 10,000 years ago, in different parts of the world, to achieve high productivity, good quality, and widespread adaptability. It was initiated from a phenotype-based selection by local farmers and developed to current biotechnology-based breeding to feed over 7 billion people. For most cereal crops, yield relates to grain production, which could be enhanced by increasing grain number and weight. Grain number is typically determined during inflorescence development. Many mutants and genes for inflorescence development have already been characterized in cereal crops. Therefore, optimization of such genes could fine-tune yield-related traits, such as grain number. With the rapidly advancing genome-editing technologies and understanding of yield-related traits, knowledge-driven breeding by design is becoming a reality. This review introduces knowledge about inflorescence yield-related traits in cereal crops, focusing on rice, maize, and wheat. Next, emerging genome-editing technologies and recent studies that apply this technology to engineer crop yield improvement by targeting inflorescence development are reviewed. These approaches promise to usher in a new era of breeding practice.
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