Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 22, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083902
Keywords
uracil-DNA; dot blot; in situ detection; PCR-based U-DNA detection; genome-wide uracil mapping
Funding
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary [K 119493, NKP-2018-1.2.1-NKP-2018-00005]
- BME-Biotechnology FIKP grant of EMMI (BME FIKP-BIO)
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The appearance of uracil in DNA is a common genomic modification, with three different routes of formation, two of which do not require specific enzymes. Efficient uracil-DNA detection methods are crucial to understanding the potential roles of genomic uracil.
The appearance of uracil in the deoxyuridine moiety of DNA is among the most frequently occurring genomic modifications. Three different routes can result in genomic uracil, two of which do not require specific enzymes: spontaneous cytosine deamination due to the inherent chemical reactivity of living cells, and thymine-replacing incorporation upon nucleotide pool imbalances. There is also an enzymatic pathway of cytosine deamination with multiple DNA (cytosine) deaminases involved in this process. In order to describe potential roles of genomic uracil, it is of key importance to utilize efficient uracil-DNA detection methods. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and critical assessment of currently available uracil detection methods with special focus on genome-wide mapping solutions. Recent developments in PCR-based and in situ detection as well as the quantitation of genomic uracil are also discussed.
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