Constitutive Expression of TERT Enhances β-Klotho Expression and Improves Age-Related Deterioration in Early Bovine Embryos

Age-associated decline in oocyte quality is one of the dominant factors of low fertility. Aging alters several key processes, such as telomere lengthening, cell senescence, and cellular longevity of granulosa cells surrounding oocyte. To investigate the age-dependent molecular changes, we examined the expression, localization, and correlation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and beta-Klotho (KLB) in bovine granulosa cells, oocytes, and early embryos during the aging process. Herein, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) obtained from aged cows (>120 months) via ovum pick-up (OPU) showed reduced expression of beta-Klotho and its co-receptor fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). TERT plasmid injection into pronuclear zygotes not only markedly enhanced day-8 blastocysts' development competence (39.1 +/- 0.8%) compared to the control (31.1 +/- 0.5%) and D-galactose (17.9 +/- 1.0%) treatment groups but also enhanced KLB and FGFR1 expression. In addition, plasmid-injected zygotes displayed a considerable enhancement in blastocyst quality and implantation potential. Cycloastragenol (CAG), an extract of saponins, stimulates telomerase enzymes and enhances KLB expression and alleviates age-related deterioration in cultured primary bovine granulosa cells. In conclusion, telomerase activation or constitutive expression will increase KLB expression and activate the FGFR1/beta-Klotho pathway in bovine granulosa cells and early embryos, inhibiting age-related malfunctioning.

Automated summary

Aging leads to a decline in oocyte quality, affecting fertility. By examining the expression and correlation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and beta-Klotho (KLB) in bovine granulosa cells, oocytes, and early embryos, it was found that telomerase activation or expression increases KLB expression, activating the FGFR1/beta-Klotho pathway to inhibit age-related dysfunction. Additionally, treatments with TERT plasmid injections and Cycloastragenol showed improvements in blastocyst development and quality in aged cows.