Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 81, Issue 5, Pages 407-415Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10108
Keywords
animal model of depression; astrocyte; lipopolysaccharide; major depressive disorder; maternal deprivation; microglia
Categories
Funding
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth)
- Pat Rutherford Jr. Chair in Psychiatry
- John S. Dunn Foundation
- Anne and Don Fizer Foundation Endowment for Depression Research
- CNPq
- FAPESC
- CAPES
- Instituto Cerebro e Mente
- UNESC
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Maternal deprivation may increase susceptibility of brain cells to stress, potentially impacting the onset of psychiatric disorders. Experimental results showed that rats subjected to maternal deprivation and LPS stimulation exhibited depressive-like behavior and increased glial cell activation.
Maternal deprivation (MD) is known to be related to long-term changes that could influence the onset of psychiatric disorders. Studies have demonstrated that early life stress makes the cells in the brain more susceptible to subsequent stressors. To test it, we used an animal model of MD conducted from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 10. Deprived and non-deprived rats (control) were randomized to receive or not lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 5 mg/kg on PND 50. The behavior and glial cells activation were evaluated in all groups from 51 to 53 PND. There was an increase in the immobility time in the MD and MD+LPS groups. The spontaneous locomotor activity was not changed between groups. We found elevated ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1)-positive cells levels in the control+LPS and MD+LPS groups. In the MD+LPS group, it was found an increase in Iba-positive cells compared to the MD+sal group. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells were also increased in the MD+LPS, compared to control+sal, control+LPS, and MD+sal groups. Immune challenge by LPS in late adolescence, which was subjected to MD, did not influence the depressive-like behavior but exerted a pronounced effect in the microglial activation and astrocyte atrophy.
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