Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
Volume 70, Issue 4, Pages 2979-2993Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2021.3062313
Keywords
Adaptive power-split control; equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS); hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); linear quadratic tracking (LQT)
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Funding
- Area of Advance Energy, Chalmers University
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This paper presents an adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) and a linear quadratic tracking (LQT) method for optimal power-split control of a combustion engine and an electric machine in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The study models SOC constraints and proposes sub-optimal analytic solutions with convex objective functions. Additionally, the controllers' robustness to measurement noise is considered, with simulation results comparing the effectiveness of the two controllers.
This paper presents an adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) and a linear quadratic tracking (LQT) method for optimal power-split control of a combustion engine and an electric machine in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The objective is to deliver demanded torque and minimize fuel consumption and usage of service brakes, subject to constraints on actuator limits and battery state of charge (SOC). First, we derive a function for calculating maximum deliverable torque that is as close as possible to demanded torque and then reduce the number of control inputs to one while minimizing the usage of service brakes in the case of negative demanded torque. Next, we propose modeling SOC constraints by tangent or logarithm functions that provide an interior point to both the ECMS and the LQT. Then, we show that the resulting objective functions are convex, and we propose sub-optimal analytic solutions for the optimization problem by applying their second order approximation about a given reference. We also consider robustness of the controllers to measurement noise using a simple model of noise. Simulation results of the two controllers are compared, and their effectiveness is discussed.
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