Journal
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
Volume 38, Issue 13, Pages 983-990Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw413
Keywords
Hypertension; Air pollution; Particulate matter; Nitrogen oxides; Road traffic noise; Meta-analysis
Categories
Funding
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
- Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation
- Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research
- Stockholm County Council
- Swedish Research Council
- Swedish Diabetes Foundation
- Novo Nordisk Scandinavia
- Danish Cancer Society
- Heinz Nixdorf Foundation
- German Ministry of Education and Science
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [JO-170/8-1, HO3314/2-1, SI 236/8-1, SI236/9-1]
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen German Research Center for Environmental Health
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- State of Bavaria
- Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC-Health)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, as part of LMUinnovativ
- Maratoe de [TV3 081632]
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) Pilot Project Funds
- Spain's Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Carlos III Health Institute [HERACLES Program] - European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [RD12/0042]
- Government of Catalonia through the Agency for Management of University and Research Grant [2014 SGR 240]
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Aims We investigated whether traffic-related air pollution and noise are associated with incident hypertension in European cohorts. Methods and results We included seven cohorts of the European study of cohorts for air pollution effects (ESCAPE). We modelled concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), <= 10 mu m (PM10), >2.5, and <= 10 mu m (PMcoarse), soot (PM2.5 absorbance), and nitrogen oxides at the addresses of participants with land use regression. Residential exposure to traffic noise was modelled at the facade according to the EU Directive 2002/49/EC. We assessed hypertension as (i) self-reported and (ii) measured (systolic BP >= 140mmHg or diastolic BP >= 90mmHg or intake of BP lowering medication (BPLM). We used Poisson regression with robust variance estimation to analyse associations of traffic-related exposures with incidence of hypertension, controlling for relevant confounders, and combined the results from individual studies with random-effects meta-analysis. Among 41 072 participants free of self-reported hypertension at baseline, 6207 (15.1%) incident cases occurred within 5-9 years of follow-up. Incidence of self-reported hypertension was positively associated with PM2.5 (relative risk (RR) 1.22 [95%-confidence interval (CI): 1.08; 1.37] per 5 mu g/m(3)) and PM2.5 absorbance (RR 1.13 [95% CI: 1.02; 1.24] per 10(-5) m(-1)). These estimates decreased slightly upon adjustment for road traffic noise. Road traffic noise was weakly positively associated with the incidence of self-reported hypertension. Among 10 896 participants at risk, 3549 new cases of measured hypertension occurred. We found no clear associations with measured hypertension. Conclusion Long-term residential exposures to air pollution and noise are associated with increased incidence of self-reported hypertension.
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