Insight into the proximate composition and microbial diversity of edible insects marketed in the European Union

In recent years, the idea of exploiting edible insects for their industrial production has attracted the attention of media, research institutions and food industry operators, because of the numerous positive factors associated with this food source. Notwithstanding, insects are still underutilized in Western countries. Moreover, edible insects are carriers of natural microorganisms; hence, safety issues may arise from their industrial production. This study was aimed at providing insight into the proximate composition, with a focus in the fatty acid and amino acid composition, and microbial diversity of some processed edible insects marketed in the European Union. A high content of protein and fat was seen, with values ranging from 59.46 to 46.78 and 35.32 to 15.18%, respectively, with nutritionally valuable characteristics in both the lipid fractions and amino acid profiles. Furthermore, a great variation in microbial counts was seen. Both commensal and potential pathogenic microorganisms ascribed to the genera Pediococcus, Weissella, Streptomyces, Acinetobacter, Agrococcus, Arthrobacter, Naxibacter, Planomicrobium, Rufibacter, Bacillus, Clostridium, Vibrio, Desulfovibrio, Loktanella, Escherichia, Tetrapisispora, Aspergillus, Eurotium, Debaryomyces, and Wallemia, were identified by PCR-DGGE. The high diversity in the chemical composition and microbial profile of the marketed edible insects analyzed suggest a role of both the rearing and processing procedures on these variables. The results overall collected encourage the exploitation of edible insects as a valuable large-scale, animal-based commodity.