Journal
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
Volume 13, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab057
Keywords
balancing selection; degeneration; hemizygosity; inversion; recombination suppression; structural variation
Categories
Funding
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program [757451]
- Swedish Research Council [2019-04452, 2016-07213]
- Carl Tryggers grant
- Swedish Research Council [2019-04452] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
- European Research Council (ERC) [757451] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Supergenes are genomic regions controlling multi-trait phenotypic polymorphisms under balancing selection, with significant variation in genomic architecture and origin mode across diverse organisms. Differences in genomic architecture affect the evolutionary fate and degeneration rate of supergenes. Recent findings and simulations demonstrate the implications of genomic architecture on the evolution of supergenes and the long-term fate of balanced polymorphisms.
Supergenes are genomic regions containing sets of tightly linked loci that control multi-trait phenotypic polymorphisms under balancing selection. Recent advances in genomics have uncovered significant variation in both the genomic architecture as well as the mode of origin of supergenes across diverse organismal systems. Although the role of genomic architecture for the origin of supergenes has been much discussed, differences in the genomic architecture also subsequently affect the evolutionary trajectory of supergenes and the rate of degeneration of supergene haplotypes. In this review, we synthesize recent genomic work and historical models of supergene evolution, highlighting how the genomic architecture of supergenes affects their evolutionary fate. We discuss how recent findings on classic supergenes involved in governing ant colony social form, mimicry in butterflies, and heterostyly in flowering plants relate to theoretical expectations. Furthermore, we use forward simulations to demonstrate that differences in genomic architecture affect the degeneration of supergenes. Finally, we discuss implications of the evolution of supergene haplotypes for the long-term fate of balanced polymorphisms governed by supergenes.
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