Journal
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
Volume 42, Issue 25, Pages 2422-2438Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab235
Keywords
Heart healthy city; Environmental stressors; Heat islands effects; Air pollution; Noise pollution; Light pollution; Urban and transport planning and design interventions
Categories
Funding
- Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation
- NHMRC [1107672]
- NIH [RO1ES019616, RO1026291]
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [1107672] Funding Source: NHMRC
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The global urbanization process poses significant environmental and health challenges, with urban planning being recognized as a key approach to addressing adverse health outcomes. Urban areas consume a large proportion of the world's energy and produce a substantial amount of greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting the importance of sustainable city development strategies.
The world's population is estimated to reach 10 billion by 2050 and 75% of this population will live in cities. Two-third of the European population already live in urban areas and this proportion continues to grow. Between 60% and 80% of the global energy use is consumed by urban areas, with 70% of the greenhouse gas emissions produced within urban areas. The World Health Organization states that city planning is now recognized as a critical part of a comprehensive solution to tackle adverse health outcomes. In the present review, we address non-communicable diseases with a focus on cardiovascular disease and the urbanization process in relation to environmental risk exposures including noise, air pollution, temperature, and outdoor light. The present review reports why heat islands develop in urban areas, and how greening of cities can improve public health, and address climate concerns, sustainability, and liveability. In addition, we discuss urban planning, transport interventions, and novel technologies to assess external environmental exposures, e.g. using digital technologies, to promote heart healthy cities in the future. Lastly, we highlight new paradigms of integrative thinking such as the exposome and planetary health, challenging the one-exposure-one-health-outcome association and expand our understanding of the totality of human environmental exposures.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available