A narrative review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses. Part 2: Clinical indications and techniques

This is the second of a two-part review of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses (CEAA). In Part 1, we provided a detailed review of the efficacy and safety of epidurally administered drugs showing that the epidural administration of many different drugs can provide effective regional anaesthesia or analgesia with only minimal side effects. In Part 2, the clinical indications and benefits of CEAA are reviewed and a detailed practical guide on how to perform an epidural injection and insert an epidural catheter is provided.

Automated summary

This article reviews the clinical indications and benefits of caudal epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in horses, and provides a detailed practical guide on how to perform an epidural injection and insert an epidural catheter.