4.7 Article

Galaxolide and tonalide modulate neuroendocrine activity in marine species from two taxonomic groups

Journal

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 196, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110960

Keywords

Neurotoxicity; Endocrine disruption; Galaxolide; Tonalide; Transcriptional effects; Biomarkers

Funding

  1. Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CTM2012-37591]
  2. FEDER Funds from the European Union
  3. Erasmus + [KA 107 UCA]
  4. Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the Ramon y Cajal [RYC-2017-22324]

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The study found that HHCB and AHTN may have neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting effects on coastal ecosystems, particularly affecting clams and fish.
Galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) are polycyclic musk compounds (PMCs) used in household and personal care products that have been included on the list as emerging contaminants of environmental concern due to their ubiquity in aquatic and terrestrial environments. There still exists a dearth of information on the neurotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effects of these contaminants, especially for marine and estuarine species. Here, we assessed the neuroendocrine effects of HHCB and AHTN using adult clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, and yolksac larvae of sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus. The clams were treated with concentrations (0.005?50 ?g/L) of each compound for 21 days. Meanwhile, sheepshead minnow larvae were exposed to 0.5, 5 and 50 ?g/L of HHCB and AHTN for 3 days. Enzyme activities related to neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase - AChE), neuroendocrine function (cyclooxygenase - COX), and energy reserves (total lipids - TL) were assessed in R. philippinarum. Gene expression levels of cyp19 and vtg1 were measured in C. variegatus using qPCR. Our results indicated induction of AChE and COX in the clams exposed to HHCB while AHTN exposure significantly inhibited AChE and COX. Gene expression of cyp19 and vtg1 in yolk-sac C. variegatus larvae exposed to 50 ?g/L AHTN was significantly downregulated versus the control. The results of this study demonstrate that HHCB and AHTN might pose neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting effects in coastal ecosystems.

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