Journal
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
Volume 234, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.113986
Keywords
District heating; Heat demand mapping; Space heating; Domestic hot water; GIS; Urban planning
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The study examines the expansion potential of district heating by integrating spatial-temporal methods for space heating and hot water demand. By using various mapping techniques and demand profiles, it is found that the existing heating system has great potential to increase while reducing carbon emissions.
The fourth generation of district heating will play a significant role in the decarbonization of energy systems. In general, only space heating demand is considered when assessing the district heating potential, excluding hot water. In contrast, the hot water demand accounts for up to 18% of total final energy demand in buildings. Hence, in this paper, a spatial?temporal method for annual hot water demand is considered in conjunction with space heating demand while technically and economically assessing the expansion potential of the district heating. A bottom-up heat demand mapping process was carried out for Pristina city to identify the space heating demand of buildings, while a top-down approach was used for spatial mapping of hot water demand. Hourly, daily, weekly and seasonal hot water demand profiles, besides heating degree-day method used for space heating, were considered when estimating the temporal operation of district heating. The findings show that the existing district heating can be increased four times when excluding hot water and five times when considering both space heating and hot water demand of buildings. Moreover, the heat supply capacities needed in district heating to cover space heating and hot water demand would be 600 MW and 70 MW respectively.
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