Journal
ENERGY
Volume 222, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.119891
Keywords
Input-output analysis; MRIO; Energy footprint; Energy extensions; Double accounting; Energy use
Categories
Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities, through the project MALCON [RTI 2018-099858-A-I00]
- Spanish State Research Agency through Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit accreditation 2018e2022 [MDM-2017-0714]
- Basque Government BERC Programme
- EU H2020 project LOCOMOTION [821105]
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The number of input-output assessments focused on energy has increased, with a quarter of them estimated to have double accounting issues. Recommendations are provided to users to avoid this problem, and experts are called upon to harmonize energy data across databases.
The number of input-output assessments focused on energy has grown considerably in the last years. Many of these assessments combine data from multi-regional input-output (MRIO) databases with energy extensions that completely or partially depict the different stages through which energy products are supplied or used in the economy. The improper use of some energy extensions can lead to double accounting of some energy flows, but the frequency with which this happens and the potential impact on the results are unknown. Based on a literature review, we estimate that around a quarter of the MRIO-based energy assessments reviewed incurred into double accounting. Using the EXIOBASE MRIO database, we also analyse the effects of double accounting in the absolute values and rankings of different countries' and products' energy footprints. Building on the insights provided by our analysis, we offer a set of key recommendations to MRIO users to avoid the double accounting problem in the future. Likewise, we conclude that the harmonisation of the energy data across MRIO databases led by experts could simplify the choices of the data users until the provision of official energy extensions by statistical offices becomes a widespread practice.
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