4.5 Review

Bismuth-Graphene Nanohybrids: Synthesis, Reaction Mechanisms, and Photocatalytic Applications-A Review

Journal

ENERGIES
Volume 14, Issue 8, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/en14082281

Keywords

bismuth; graphene; nanohybrids; photocatalysis; reaction mechanisms; energy; pollution

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Funding

  1. Engineering and Physical Science Research Council, UK (EPSRC) [EP/V049046/1, EP/T025875/]
  2. Saudi Aramco Chair Programme [ORCP2390]

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This review summarizes the applications of bismuth-graphene nanohybrids in photocatalysis, including the synthetic processes, fundamental mechanisms, heterogeneous photocatalysis, benefits, and challenges, covering several key applications in energy conversion and environmental pollution control.
Photocatalysis is a classical solution to energy conversion and environmental pollution control problems. In photocatalysis, the development and exploration of new visible light catalysts and their synthesis and modification strategies are crucial. It is also essential to understand the mechanism of these reactions in the various reaction media. Recently, bismuth and graphene's unique geometrical and electronic properties have attracted considerable attention in photocatalysis. This review summarizes bismuth-graphene nanohybrids' synthetic processes with various design considerations, fundamental mechanisms of action, heterogeneous photocatalysis, benefits, and challenges. Some key applications in energy conversion and environmental pollution control are discussed, such as CO2 reduction, water splitting, pollutant degradation, disinfection, and organic transformations. The detailed perspective of bismuth-graphene nanohybrids' applications in various research fields presented herein should be of equal interest to academic and industrial scientists.

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