Journal
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Volume 213, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112038
Keywords
Mercury; Benzo[a]pyrene; Ruditapes philippinarum; Toxicological responses; Transcriptomics; Metabolomics
Categories
Funding
- National Key RAMP
- D Program of China [2019YFE0103800]
- Key Programme for International Cooperation on Scientific and Technological Innovation, Ministry of Science and Technology [2017YFE0118300]
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology [QNLM201707]
- Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS [2020TD50]
- Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province [tsqn201909166]
- Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System [CARS-49]
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In this study, toxicological responses in Manila clams to Hg2+ and BaP were analyzed, revealing that co-exposure to Hg2+ and BaP increased immunotoxicity, disrupted detoxification metabolism, and constrained energy availability for the clams.
Mercury (Hg2+) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are ubiquitous and persistent pollutants with multiple toxicities in bivalve molluscs. Here, the toxicological responses in the gills of Manila clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, to Hg2+ (10 mu g L-1), BaP (3 mu g L-1),and their mixture were analysed using transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches. Comparisons of the transcriptomes and metabolomes of Hg2+- and/or BaP-treated clams with control animals revealed the involvement of the detoxification metabolism, immune defence, energy-related pathways, and osmotic regulation in the stress response of R. philippinarum. Exposure to Hg2+ alone primarily enhanced the detoxification and energy metabolic pathways by significantly increasing the expression of genes associated with heat-shock proteins and oxidative phosphorylation. However, co-exposure to Hg2+ and BaP caused greater immunotoxicity and disrupted detoxification metabolism, the TCA cycle, glycolysis, and ATP generation. The expression levels of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and myosin (MYO), and the activity of electron transport system (ETS) in gills were detected, supporting the underlying toxic mechanisms of Hg2+ and BaP. We suggest that the presence of BaP enhances the toxicity of Hg2+ by 1) hampering the detoxification of Hg2+, 2) increasing the immunotoxicity of Hg2+, and 3) constraining energy availability for clams.
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