Temporal changes in spatial variation: partitioning the extinction and colonisation components of beta diversity

The last two decades have witnessed unprecedented changes in beta diversity, the spatial variation in species composition, from local to global scales. However, analytical challenges have hampered empirical ecologists from quantifying the extinction and colonisation processes behind these changing beta diversity patterns. Here, we develop a novel numerical method to additively partition the temporal changes in beta diversity into components that reflect local extinctions and colonisations. By applying this method to empirical datasets, we revealed spatiotemporal community dynamics that were otherwise undetectable. In mature forests, we found that local extinctions resulted in tree communities becoming more spatially heterogeneous, while colonisations simultaneously caused them to homogenise. In coral communities, we detected non-random community disassembly and reassembly following an environmental perturbation, with a temporally varying balance between extinctions and colonisations. Partitioning the dynamic processes that underlie beta diversity can provide more mechanistic insights into the spatiotemporal organisation of biodiversity.

Automated summary

In the past two decades, unprecedented changes in beta diversity have been observed, but analytical challenges have hindered the quantification of extinction and colonization processes. Research has shown that in mature forests, local extinctions have increased spatial heterogeneity in tree communities, while colonizations have simultaneously caused homogenization. In coral communities, non-random community disassembly and reassembly following environmental disturbances were detected, with a varying balance between extinctions and colonizations.