Environmental control of lineage plasticity and stem cell memory

Tissue-resident stem cells (SCs) are critical players in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. SCs reside in complex and uniquely anatomically organized microenvironments (SC niches), that carefully control SC lineage outputs depending on localized tissue needs. Upon environmental perturbations and tissue stressors, SCs respond and restore the tissue to homeostasis, as well as protect it from secondary assaults. Critical to this function are two key processes, SC lineage plasticity and SC memory. In this review, we delineate the multifactorial determinants and key principles underlining these two remarkable SC behaviors. Understanding lineage plasticity and SC memory will be critical not only to design new regenerative therapies but also to determine how these processes are altered in a multitude of pathologies such as cancer and chronic tissue damage.

Automated summary

Tissue-resident stem cells play a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, residing in complex microenvironments that control their lineage outputs based on tissue needs. They exhibit lineage plasticity and memory, essential for designing regenerative therapies and understanding pathology mechanisms in diseases like cancer and chronic tissue damage.