Weathering of serpentinite stone due to in situ generation of calcium and magnesium sulfates

This paper presents a thorough study of the main features and the decay causes and mechanisms of serpentinites both freshly quarried and after centuries exposure at the main facade of the sixteenth century Royal Chancery (Granada, Spain). In particular, the process of in situ formation of calcium and magnesium sulfates has been studied. Several decay factors are identified, all of them acting synergistically in the deterioration of slabs made of serpentinite. Among them, chemical weathering of sulfides such as pyrite present in the original serpentinite induces the formation of sulfate salts such as gypsum or epsomite, salts which are considered the main cause of decay. In addition, unsuitable restoration treatments involving the use of Portland cement to fill up cracks and surface lacunae, the polluted environment of the surrounding area, and the location of the slabs close to the ground, favoring capillary rise of water, all contributed to their deterioration. This work helps to gain knowledge on the deterioration process of ornaments made of serpentinite, allowing us to propose the most appropriate measures to guarantee their conservation. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study provides a thorough examination of the main features, decay causes, and mechanisms of serpentinites on the main facade of the 16th century Royal Chancery in Granada, Spain. Various decay factors are identified, with chemical weathering of sulfides and the formation of sulfate salts considered the main cause of deterioration. Unsuitable restoration treatments, environmental pollution, and the proximity of slabs to the ground also contribute to their decay. This research enhances understanding of the deterioration process of serpentinite ornaments and proposes appropriate conservation measures.