Journal
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
Volume 617, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126380
Keywords
Pickering emulsions; Bacterial cellulose; Rheology; Texture analysis
Categories
Funding
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [UIDB/04469/2020]
- European Regional Development Fund [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004]
- FCT [SFRH/BD/115917/2016]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BD/115917/2016] Funding Source: FCT
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The study showed that dry Bacterial Cellulose and Carboxymethyl Cellulose can partially or completely replace surfactants in cosmetic creams, providing long-term stability and desired properties. Compared to other hydrocolloidal products, BC:CMC demonstrated superior performance in stabilizing and enhancing the rheological profile of the emulsions.
Generic cosmetic creams (oil-in-water emulsions) were prepared using dry Bacterial Cellulose and Carboxymethyl Cellulose (BC:CMC) to study the possibility of partially or completely replacing surfactants, while ensuring a long-term stability and the required organoleptic characteristics. BC:CMC was benchmarked against two hydrocolloidal Avicel products (PC-591 and PC-611), commonly used as thickeners and stabilizing aids in cosmetics production. The emulsions were then characterized regarding storage stability, rheology, texture and microscopic features. The full replacement of 5.5 % surfactants with only 0.75 % BC:CMC consistently showed similar results to those obtained with surfactants, namely concerning viscosity and texture. Although producing emulsions with larger oil droplets, BC:CMC provided for a very effective stabilization through a Pickering effect and by structuring the continuous phase. The more effective Avicel tested (PC-591) required a higher concentration (1.5 %) to achieve similar rheological profile but was ineffective in stabilizing the oil phase in a surfactant-free formulation with the adopted protocol. By replacing surfactants, dry BC:CMC matches a strong market need since both end users and manufacturers increasingly seek natural ingredients for cosmetic formulations.
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