Journal
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 93, Issue -, Pages 1-8Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.03.008
Keywords
Antioxidant enzymes; Oncology; Oxidative stress; Lung cancer; Colon cancer; Ovarian cancer
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are significant in human cells, with antioxidant enzymes playing a crucial role in maintaining balance and diagnosing neoplastic diseases. Lowered activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx is characteristic of various cancers, making SOD, CAT, and XOR promising prognostic markers in lung, bladder, ovarian, and colon cancer.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in human cells. Excessive ROS production damages important macromolecules such as nucleic acids and can initiate and develop the carcinogenesis process. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) are responsible for maintaining the balance between the functions of free radical formation and eliminating their excessive amounts. Based on the analyzed literature, the following conclusions can be made: 1. Antioxidant enzymes activity are important for diagnosing neoplastic diseases such as non-small-cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, ovarian cancer, and colon cancer. 2. Non-small-cell lung cancer is usually characterized by decreased SOD and CAT activity and increased glutathione GST activity. Lowered SOD, CAT, and GPx activity is characteristic of bladder cancer. XOR, CAT, SOD and GPx expression is decreased in patients with ovarian cancer. Colorectal cancer is characterized by increased MnSOD expression (in vitro studies) and SOD expression while CAT, GPx, and GR are decreased (in vivo study). 3. SOD, CAT, and XOR are promising prognostic markers in cancer of the lung, bladder, ovarian, and colon.
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