Journal
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
Volume 102, Issue 8, Pages E1621-E1644Publisher
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0029.1
Keywords
Deep convection; Education; Hydrometeorology; Lightning; Severe storms; South America
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation [AGS-1628708, 1661799, 1661800, 1661679, 1661785, 1661862, 1661726, 1661707, 1661768, 1661657 1661662, 1661863, 1641167, 1835055]
- U.S. DOE Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Atmospheric System Research program
- UBACyT [20020170100164BA]
- CONICET -FAPESP [1278/17]
- CONICET -NSF [2356/18]
- SPRINT [3/2016 -FAPESP 2016/50458-1]
- NOAA GOES-R Program
- NASA Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) project
- NASA MSFC grant [NNM11AA01A]
- [PICT 2017-0221]
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences [1661707, 1661768, 1641167, 1661862] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1661679, 1661799, 1661726, 1661863, 1661785, 1661800] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Human Resource Development
- Direct For Education and Human Resources [1835055] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- NASA [NNM11AA01A, 146621] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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The RELAMPAGO field campaign conducted in Argentina and Brazil focused on observing and studying lightning, thunderstorms, atmospheric processes, and severe weather phenomena. The campaign aimed to understand the physical processes behind deep convection and provide data support for addressing dangerous weather events.
This article provides an overview of the experimental design, execution, education and public outreach, data collection, and initial scientific results from the Remote Sensing of Electrification, Lightning, and Mesoscale/Microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) field campaign. RELAMPAGO was a major field campaign conducted in the Cordoba and Mendoza provinces in Argentina and western Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil in 2018-19 that involved more than 200 scientists and students from the United States, Argentina, and Brazil. This campaign was motivated by the physical processes and societal impacts of deep convection that frequently initiates in this region, often along the complex terrain of the Sierras de Cordoba and Andes, and often grows rapidly upscale into dangerous storms that impact society. Observed storms during the experiment produced copious hail, intense flash flooding, extreme lightning flash rates, and other unusual lightning phenomena, but few tornadoes. The five distinct scientific foci of RELAMPAGO-convection initiation, severe weather, upscale growth, hydrometeorology, and lightning and electrification-are described, as are the deployment strategies to observe physical processes relevant to these foci. The campaign's international cooperation, forecasting efforts, and mission planning strategies enabled a successful data collection effort. In addition, the legacy of RELAMPAGO in South America, including extensive multinational education, public outreach, and social media data gathering associated with the campaign, is summarized.
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