Journal
BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Volume 96, Issue 4, Pages 1590-1602Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/brv.12716
Keywords
associative learning; behaviour; brain– behaviour; complementary models; invertebrates; L; stagnalis; Mollusca; memory; neuroscience translational research; psychiatric disorders
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Funding
- Projekt DEAL
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This review discusses the advantages of using freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis as a model to study the neural basis of learning and memory, exploring both what can be taught to Lymnaea and what Lymnaea can teach us. It highlights the potential of using snails as animal models for neuroscience translational research.
This review describes the advantages of adopting a molluscan complementary model, the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, to study the neural basis of learning and memory in appetitive and avoidance classical conditioning; as well as operant conditioning of its aerial respiratory and escape behaviour. We firstly explored 'what we can teach Lymnaea' by discussing a variety of sensitive, solid, easily reproducible and simple behavioural tests that have been used to uncover the memory abilities of this model system. Answering this question will allow us to open new frontiers in neuroscience and behavioural research to enhance our understanding of how the nervous system mediates learning and memory. In fact, from a translational perspective, Lymnaea and its nervous system can help to understand the neural transformation pathways from behavioural output to sensory coding in more complex systems like the mammalian brain. Moving on to the second question: 'what can Lymnaea teach us?', it is now known that Lymnaea shares important associative learning characteristics with vertebrates, including stimulus generalization, generalization of extinction and discriminative learning, opening the possibility to use snails as animal models for neuroscience translational research.
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