Journal
BIOACOUSTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SOUND AND ITS RECORDING
Volume 31, Issue 2, Pages 175-190Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2021.1904443
Keywords
Acoustic signalling; animal communication; bromeligenous frogs; compound signal; rarely vocal frogs; underwater communication
Categories
Funding
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation [FAPESP] [2013/50741-7]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [CNPq] [441497/2020-9]
- Rufford Foundation [21264-2]
- FAPESP [2017/08489-0, 2018/17118-8]
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior [CAPES] [88881.189822/2018-01, 88882.434124/2019-01]
- CNPq [151193/2021-5]
- CAPES [BEX 13153-13-7]
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The genus of bromeligenous frogs, Crossodactylodes, is primarily voiceless but recent studies have found vocal sounds in some species. Vocalisations are described as creaking, chirp and squeak calls, which are produced at the water-air interface inside bromeliads. The absence of middle ear elements in Crossodactylodes frogs suggests that extratympanic pathways may be the main auditory route for these specialized leptodactylids.
Vocal sounds occur in most anurans and are often emitted as simple and stereotyped acoustic signals. Some frog groups, however, have complex signals and others can produce distinctive acoustic structures, such as purely ultrasonic calls. Crossodactylodes is a genus of bromeligenous frogs that is understudied in many aspects. This genus has been historically regarded as voiceless, but recent studies reported briefly on vocal sounds in two species. Here, we provide the first quantitative description of vocalisations of Crossodactylodes frogs and describe the vocal repertoires of three species. Vocalisations are formed of up to three call types, reported herein as creaking, chirp and squeak calls. We discuss the major call patterns and the repertoire of Crossodactylodes. We also discuss the evolutionary and functional implications of the low-intensity calls produced at the water-air interface inside bromeliads. The absence of some morphological structures normally involved in sound reception (elements of the middle ear) in Crossodactylodes frogs indicates that extratympanic pathways might be the main auditory route in these highly specialised leptodactylids.
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