Journal
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Volume 648, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140423
Keywords
planets and satellites; atmospheres; planets and satellites; gaseous planets; planets and satellites; individual; GJ 3470 b; planets and satellites; individual; HD 209458 b; planets and satellites; individual; HD 189733 b
Categories
Funding
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO)
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [FICTS-2011-02, ICTS-2017-07-CAHA-4, CAHA16-CE-3978]
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia
- Landessternwarte Konigstuhl
- Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai
- Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
- Hamburger Sternwarte
- Centro de Astrobiologia
- Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman
- MINECO
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through Research Unit FOR2544 Blue Planets around Red Stars
- Klaus Tschira Stiftung
- state of Baden-Wurttemberg
- Junta de Andalucia
- Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades
- ERDF [ESP2016-76076-R, ESP2017-87143-R, BES-2015-074542, PID2019-110689RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PGC2018-099425-B-I00, PID2019-109522GB-C51/2/3/4, PGC2018-098153-B-C33, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R]
- Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa award [SEV-2015-0548]
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia [SEV-2017-0709]
- Centro de Astrobiologia [MDM-2017-0737]
- Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme
- European Research Council [832428]
- European Research Council under the European Union [694513]
- state of Niedersachsen
- Centre of Excellence Maria de Maeztu award [SEV-2015-0548]
- European Research Council (ERC) [832428] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Hydrodynamic escape is the most efficient atmospheric mechanism of planetary mass loss, with three regimes identified: energy-limited, recombination-limited, and photon-limited. This study provides evidence of these regimes in exoplanets HD 209458 b, HD 189733 b, and GJ 3470 b.
Hydrodynamic escape is the most efficient atmospheric mechanism of planetary mass loss and has a large impact on planetary evolution. Three hydrodynamic escape regimes have been identified theoretically: energy-limited, recombination-limited, and photon-limited. However, no evidence of these regimes had been reported until now. Here, we report evidence of these three regimes via an analysis of a helium I triplet at 10 830 angstrom and Ly alpha absorption involving a 1D hydrodynamic model that allows us to estimate hydrogen recombination and advection rates. In particular, we show that HD 209458 b is in the energy-limited regime, HD 189733 b is in the recombination-limited regime, and GJ 3470 b is in the photon-limited regime. These exoplanets can be considered as benchmark cases for their respective regimes.
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