Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 42, Issue -, Pages 16-22Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.12.015
Keywords
Lahore; Pakistan; Hospital waste; HPLC-UV; Fluoroquinolones; Risk quotient
Funding
- Chinese Academy of Sciences [2015PE004]
- Higher Education Commission of Pakistan under NRPU project [4547]
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In the present study, wastewater and sludge samples of two major hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan were analyzed by developing an HPLC-UV method for the possible occurrence of five frequently used fluoroquinolone antibiotics i.e. ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin. The highest detected concentration was for moxifloxacin in both wastewater (224 mu g/L) and sludge samples (219 mu g/kg. The highest concentration of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and gemifloxacin were found to be 66,18,58 and 0.2 mu g/L respectively. Risk quotient (RQ) was also calculated based on maximum measured concentrations and the RQ values were very high particularly for ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The maximum RQ values for ofloxacin against Vibrio fisheri, Pseudomonas putida, fish, Daphnia, Green algae and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were 3300, 66,000, 124, 46, 3300 and 6000, respectively. In case of ciprofloxacin, RQ values were found to be 1750 and 3500 against green algae and Microcystis aeruginosa, respectively. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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