Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 48, Issue -, Pages 237-244Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.11.002
Keywords
Polybrominated diphenyl ether; Metamorphosis; Development; Thyroid function; Endocrine disruption; Amphibian; Xenopus; Gene expression
Funding
- Texas Christian University Science and Engineering Research Center
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Few studies have investigated the thyroid-disrupting effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) across multiple levels of biological organization in anurans, despite their suitability for the screening of thyroid disruptors. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on development, thyroid histology and thyroid hormone-related gene expression in Xenopus laevis exposed to 0 (control), 50 (low), 500 (medium) or 5000 mu g BDE-47/g food (high) for 21 days. Only the high dose of BDE-47 hindered growth and development; however, thyroid hormone-associated gene expression was downregulated in the brains of tadpoles regardless of dose. These results show that BDE-47 disrupts thyroid hormone signaling at the molecular and whole-organism levels and suggest that gene expression in the brain is a more sensitive endpoint than metamorphosis. Furthermore, the altered gene expression patterns among BDE-47-exposed tadpoles provide insight into the mechanisms of PBDE-induced thyroid disruption and highlight the potential for PBDEs to act as neurodevelopmental toxicants. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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