Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 90, 2021
Volume 90, Issue -, Pages 403-429Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-090120-013613
Keywords
cullin; cullin-RING ligase; ubiquitin; E3 ligase; NEDD8; F-box protein
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [SCHU 3196/1-1]
- Max Planck Society
- National Institutes of Health [NIHR01 AG11085, NS083524]
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Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) are modular platforms that regulate biological processes by ubiquitylating specific targets. Regulation is achieved through dynamic control of activation and substrate ubiquitylation, and CRLs provide a vast landscape for developing small molecules that reshape interactions and promote targeted turnover of proteins. Ultimately, the dynamics of substrate receptor interchange in CRLs drive the turnover of selected proteins to influence cellular decision-making.
Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) are dynamic modular platforms that regulate myriad biological processes through target-specific ubiquitylation. Our knowledge of this system emerged from the F-box hypothesis, posited a quarter century ago: Numerous interchangeable F-box proteins confer specific substrate recognition for a core CUL1-based RING E3 ubiquitin ligase. This paradigm has been expanded through the evolution of a superfamily of analogous modular CRLs, with five major families and over 200 different substrate-binding receptors in humans. Regulation is achieved by numerous factors organized in circuits that dynamically control CRL activation and substrate ubiquitylation. CRLs also serve as a vast landscape for developing small molecules that reshape interactions and promote targeted ubiquitylation-dependent turnover of proteins of interest. Here, we review molecular principles underlying CRL function, the role of allosteric and conformational mechanisms in controlling substrate timing and ubiquitylation, and how the dynamics of substrate receptor interchange drives the turnover of selected target proteins to promote cellular decision-making.
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