New insight into G-quadruplexes; diagnosis application in cancer

Biochemical properties and flexibility of nitrogenous bases allow DNA to fold into higher-order structures. Among different DNA secondary structure, G-quadruplexes (tetrapelexes-G4) - which are formed in guanine rich sequences ? have gained more attention because of their biological significance, therapeutic intervention, and application in molecular device and biosensor. G4-quadruplex studies categorize into three main fields, in vivo, in vitro, and in silico. The in vitro field includes G4 synthetic oligonucleotides. This review focuses on the Gquadruplex synthetic aptamers structure features and considers the applicability of G4-aptamers for cancer biomarkers detection. Various biosensing methods will be reviewed based on G-quadruplex aptamers for cancer detection.

Automated summary

Biochemical properties and flexibility of nitrogenous bases allow DNA to fold into higher-order structures, with G-quadruplexes gaining attention for their biological significance, therapeutic intervention, and application in molecular device and biosensor. G-quadruplex studies categorize into three main fields: in vivo, in vitro, and in silico, with the in vitro field including G4 synthetic oligonucleotides. This review focuses on the structure features of G-quadruplex synthetic aptamers and their applicability for cancer biomarkers detection. Various biosensing methods based on G-quadruplex aptamers for cancer detection will be reviewed.