Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
Volume 21, Issue 7, Pages 2583-2589Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16591
Keywords
alloantigen; basic (laboratory) research; science; immunobiology; major histocompatibility complex (MHC); T cell biology
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [R01DK115618, R21AI100278]
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Studies have shown that allogeneic exosomes can activate T cells in vivo and sensitize mice to alloantigens, but only when delivered in an inflammatory environment.
Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are regularly released by allogeneic cells after transplantation. Recipient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) capture these vesicles and subsequently display donor MHC molecules on their surface. Recent evidence suggests that activation of alloreactive T cells by the so-called cross-dressed APCs plays an important role in initiating the alloresponse associated with allograft rejection. On the other hand, whether allogeneic exosomes can bind to T cells on their own and activate them remains unclear. In this study, we showed that allogeneic exosomes can bind to T cells but do not stimulate them in vitro unless they are cultured with APCs. On the other hand, allogeneic exosomes activate T cells in vivo and sensitize mice to alloantigens but only when delivered in an inflammatory environment.
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