Journal
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
Volume 310, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107306
Keywords
Biochar; Colloidal phosphorus; Organic fertilizers; Particulate phosphorus; Runoff
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [22076163, 41522108]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFD0800103]
- Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province [LR16B070001]
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This study evaluated nutrient loss in different agricultural cropping systems in Zhejiang Province, China. The results showed that using polyacrylamide modified black soil significantly reduced phosphorous loss, while organic P fertilizers decreased particulate and colloidal P concentrations.
Agricultural cropping systems involve the application of high fertilizer rates, which lead to phosphorus (P) losses via surface runoff to the aquatic environment, thereby resulting in severe eutrophication. Here, to evaluate the nutrient loss, we established three monitoring stations in Zhejiang Province, China, in each of which the crop types were double cropping rice, rice-wheat rotation, and vegetable cultivation. Field experiments were conducted with four treatments and three replications over a whole planting year. The four treatments at the same P application rate were: 1) no fertilization (control; CK), 2) chemical fertilization (CF), 3) substitution of 30 % chemical Pin CF by organic Pin solid sheep manure (OF) or in liquid biogas slurry (BS), and 4) substitution of 30 % chemical P in CF by organic P fertilizers (solid sheep manure or liquid biogas slurry) +1.5 t ha(-1)- polyacrylamide modified BC (PSB). The runoff losses of various P forms, that is, the total P, total dissolved P, particulate P, and colloidal P losses were analyzed. The total P concentration varied greatly with the crop growth stages. Compared with CF treatment, PSB treatment significantly reduced the concentration of P fractions in the runoff in all three cropping systems, while the OF treatment significantly reduced the particulate P and colloidal P concentrations by coating colloidal particles with organic carbon. However, BS treatment increased particulate P and colloidal P concentrations. Compared with CF treatment, PSB treatment reduced total P loss by 41.1 %, 29.7 %, and 37.8 % in the double cropping rice, rice-wheat, and vegetable systems, respectively. The PSB and OF treatments significantly reduced the particulate P and colloidal P losses, while BS treatment increased the loss of various P forms. Compared with the CF treatment, the PSB treatment significantly increased the available P contents by 12.7-85.4 mg kg(-1), and decreased the colloidal P contents by 26.7 %-51.4 % in the soils examined. The results of the redundancy analysis confirmed that P loss via runoff was mainly caused by differences in the P inputs and crop types. The results of this study highlight the important role of PSB in reducing P loss via runoff from agricultural cropping systems.
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