4.6 Review

Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging

Journal

AGING-US
Volume 13, Issue 10, Pages 14522-14543

Publisher

IMPACT JOURNALS LLC
DOI: 10.18632/aging.203051

Keywords

exercise; aging; AMPK; type 2 diabetes

Funding

  1. Richard and Susan Smith Family Foundation
  2. Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) [001]

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The article discusses the natural aging process and its relationship with the development of chronic diseases, emphasizing exercise as a beneficial intervention that can promote longevity and healthspan by slowing down the nine hallmarks of cellular aging and inhibiting age-related inflammation.
The natural aging process is carried out by a progressive loss of homeostasis leading to a functional decline in cells and tissues. The accumulation of these changes stem from a multifactorial process on which both external (environmental and social) and internal (genetic and biological) risk factors contribute to the development of adult chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Strategies that can slow cellular aging include changes in diet, lifestyle and drugs that modulate intracellular signaling. Exercise is a promising lifestyle intervention that has shown antiaging effects by extending lifespan and healthspan through decreasing the nine hallmarks of aging and age-associated inflammation. Herein, we review the effects of exercise to attenuate aging from a clinical to a cellular level, listing its effects upon various tissues and systems as well as its capacity to reverse many of the hallmarks of aging. Additionally, we suggest AMPK as a central regulator of the cellular effects of exercise due to its integrative effects in different tissues. These concepts are especially relevant in the setting of T2D, where cellular aging is accelerated and exercise can counteract these effects through the reviewed antiaging mechanisms.

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