Making Room for Growing Oriented FASnI3 with Large Grains via Cold Precursor Solution

Tin halide perovskites are promising candidates for preparing efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells due to their ideal band gap and high charge-carrier mobility. However, the notorious rapid crystallization process results in the inferior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). Here, a facile method is employed to manage this crystallization process by using cold precursor solution that raises the critical Gibbs free energy to slow down the nucleation rate, sparing both space and time for crystal growth. In this way, highly oriented FASnI(3) films with micrometer-scale grains are fabricated and an increase of 70 mV in the open-circuit voltage is obtained for TPSCs. This method is compatible with other existed strategies such as additive engineering or the post-treatment method. The best-performing device that combines 0 degrees C precursor solution and post-treatment method demonstrates a PCE of 12.11%.

Automated summary

The use of cold precursor solution to control the crystallization process of tin perovskite solar cells results in highly oriented films with larger grains, leading to an increase in open-circuit voltage and overall power conversion efficiency.