Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 31, Issue 29, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202102238
Keywords
alkali metal doping; CZTSSe; defects; flexible solar cell; secondary phases
Categories
Funding
- Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP)
- Ministry of Trade, Industry Energy (MOTIE) [20173010012980]
- Technology Development Program to Solve Climate Changes of the National Research Foundation (NRF) - Ministry of Science and ICT [2016M1A2A2936781]
- DGIST R&D programs of the Ministry of Science, ICT [21-ET-08, 21-CoE-ET-01]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2016M1A2A2936781] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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This study investigates the effects of Na doping on the efficiency of kesterite solar cells by applying a NaF layer at different positions within precursors. The NaF layer limits Zn diffusion, suppresses Cu-Zn alloy formation, and provides reactive Se and S to the absorber layer, reducing the impact of Na and improving efficiency. By applying NaF between the Zn layer and back contact and between the Cu and Sn layers, efficiency values of 11.16% and 11.19% are achieved for flexible CZTSSe solar cells.
Improving the efficiency of kesterite (Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4); CZTSSe) solar cells requires understanding the effects of Na doping. This paper investigates these effects by applying a NaF layer at various positions within precursors. The NaF position is important because Na produces Na-related defects in the absorber and suppresses the formation of intrinsic defects. By investigating precursors with various NaF positions, the sulfo-selenization mechanism and the characteristics of defect formation are confirmed. Applying a NaF layer onto a Zn layer in a CZTSSe precursor limits Zn diffusion and suppresses Cu-Zn alloy formation, thus changing the sulfo-selenization mechanism. In addition, the surface NaF layer provides reactive Se and S to the absorber layer by generating Na2Sex and Na2Sx liquid phases during sulfo-selenization, thus limiting the incorporation of Na into the absorber and reducing the Na effects. Efficiency values of 11.16% and 11.19% are obtained for a flexible CZTSSe solar cell by applying NaF between the Zn layer and back contact and between the Cu and Sn layers, respectively. This study presents methods for doping with alkali metals and improving the efficiency of photovoltaics.
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