Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 23, Issue 11, Pages 10957-10967Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6312-2
Keywords
Erosion-type nonpoint source pollution; Returning farmland; Dynamic model; Spatio-temporal variation; Chinese Loess Plateau
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51309194]
- Special Research Foundation for Young Teachers [2452015374]
- Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory, Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ministry of Water Resources [K318009902-1417]
- Ministry of Education of China [20130204120034]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [QN2013047]
- Northwest AF University [2012BSJJ004]
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Loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in the hilly and gully region of Chinese Loess Plateau not only decreases the utilization rate of fertilizer but also is a potential threat to aquatic environments. In order to explore the process of erosion-type non-point source (NPS) pollution in Majiagou watershed of Loess Plateau, a distributed, dynamic, and integrated NPS pollution model was established to investigate impacts of returning farmland on erosion-type NPS pollution load from 1995 to 2012. Results indicate that (1) the integrated model proposed in this study was verified to be reasonable; the general methodology is universal and can be applicable to the hilly and gully region, Loess Plateau; (2) the erosion-type NPS total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) load showed an overall decreasing trend; the average nitrogen and phosphorus load modulus in the last four years (2009-2012) were 1.23 and 1.63 t/km(2) center dot a, respectively, which were both decreased by about 35.4 % compared with the initial treatment period (1995-1998); and (3) The spatial variations of NPS pollution are closely related to spatial characteristics of rainfall, topography, and soil and land use types; the peak regions of TN and TP loss mainly occurred along the main river banks of the Yanhe River watershed from northeast to southeast, and gradually decreased with the increase of distance to the left and right river banks, respectively. Results may provide scientific basis for the watershed-scale NPS pollution control of the Loess Plateau.
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