Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 31, Issue 32, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101261
Keywords
lithiophilic MXene; lithium metal batteries; metal anodes; MXene; SEI layer
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [2019R1A2C1084836, 2021R1A4A2001403, 2021M3H4A1A01079367]
- KIST's internal research programs
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2021M3H4A1A01079367, 2019R1A2C1084836] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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The study investigates the effect of a lithiophilic surface on lithium metal nucleation and growth behaviors using a Ti3C2Tx MXene substrate, resulting in the formation of uniformly dispersed lithium nanoparticles and leading to high reversible cycling performance.
The positive effects of a lithiophilic substrate on the electrochemical performance of lithium metal anodes are confirmed in several reports, while the understanding of lithiophilic substrate-guided lithium metal nucleation and growth behavior is still insufficient. In this study, the effect of a lithiophilic surface on lithium metal nucleation and growth behaviors is investigated using a large-area Ti3C2Tx MXene substrate with a large number of oxygen and fluorine dual heteroatoms. The use of the MXene substrate results in a high lithium-ion concentration as well as the formation of uniform solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) layers on the lithiophilic surface. The solid-solid interface (MXene-SEI layer) significantly affects the surface tension of the deposited lithium metal nuclei as well as the nucleation overpotential, resulting in the formation of uniformly dispersed lithium nanoparticles (approximate to 10-20 nm in diameter) over the entire MXene surface. The primary lithium nanoparticles preferentially coalesce and agglomerate into larger secondary particles while retaining their primary particle shapes. Subsequently, they form close-packed structures, resulting in a dense metal layer composed of particle-by-particle microstructures. This distinctive lithium metal deposition behavior leads to highly reversible cycling performance with high Columbic efficiencies > 99.0% and long cycle lives of over 1000 cycles.
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