Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 q

1. Introduction 1 1.1. T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2. 1 1.1.1. Lymphopenia during COVID-19 1 1.1.2. T cells and COVID-19 pathogenesis 1 1.2. T cell protective immunity and antigen specificity 2 2. Antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 3 2.1. Antibody kinetics 3 2.2. Protective antibody responses 3 2.3. Neutralizing antibody epitopes 4 2.4. Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection (ADE) 4 3. Conclusions 4 References 5 This review focuses on adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. A great deal of work has been accomplished in a very short period of time to describe adaptive immune responses and to ascertain their roles in determining the course of infection. As with other viral infections, SARS-CoV-2 elicits both antibody and T-cell responses. Whereas antibody responses are likely effective in preventing infection and may participate in controlling infection once established, it is less clear whether or not they play a role in pathogenesis. T cells are likely involved in controlling established infection, but a pathogenic role is also possible. Longer term evaluation is necessary to determine the durability of protective immune responses. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This review highlights the adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on the roles of antibodies and T cells in preventing and controlling infection. While antibodies may be effective in these roles, T cells could also play a part in controlling established infections. Long-term evaluation is needed to determine the durability of protective immune responses.