Delivery Strategies for Melittin-Based Cancer Therapy

Melittin (MLT) has been studied preclinically as an anticancer agent based on its broad lytic effects in multiple tumor types. However, unsatisfactory tissue distribution, hemolysis, rapid metabolism, and limited specificity are critical obstacles that limit the translation of MLT. Emerging drug delivery strategies hold promise for targeting, controlled drug release, reduced side effects, and ultimately improved treatment efficiency. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of diverse carriers to deliver MLT, with an emphasis on the design and mechanisms of action. We further outline the opportunities for MLT-based cancer immunotherapy.

Automated summary

Melittin (MLT) has shown promising anticancer effects due to its broad lytic effects, but challenges such as tissue distribution, hemolysis, metabolism, and specificity hinder its translation. Emerging drug delivery strategies could address these issues and improve treatment efficacy, while opportunities for MLT-based cancer immunotherapy are also being explored.