Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 13, Issue 17, Pages 19543-19571Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02019
Keywords
photodynamic therapy; photosensitizer; organelle-targeted; subcellular localization; precision
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korean government (MSIP) [2012R1A3A2048814]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [22078066]
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Targeted photodynamic therapy towards subcellular organelles presents a promising strategy for reducing side effects and enhancing therapeutic efficacy, providing implementable strategies for precision medicine in the future.
Subcellular organelles are the cornerstones of cells, and destroying them will cause cell dysfunction and even death. Therefore, realizing precise organelle targeting of photosensitizers (PSs) can help reduce PS dosage, minimize side effects, avoid drug resistance, and enhance therapeutic efficacy in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Organelle-targeted PSs provide a new paradigm for the construction of the next generation of PSs and may provide implementable strategies for future precision medicine. In this Review, the recent targeting strategies of different organelles and the corresponding design principles of molecular and nanostructured PSs are summarized and discussed. The current challenges and opportunities in organelle-targeted PDT are also presented.
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