Predictive biomarkers of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC

Immunotherapy, especially anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) treatment has significantly improved the survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the overall response rate remains unsatisfactory. Many factors affect the outcome of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, such as PD-L1 expression level, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor mutation burden (TMB), neoantigens, and driver gene mutations. Further exploration of biomarkers would be favorable for the best selection of patients and precisely predict the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in this field, and discussed the potential applications of these laboratory findings in the clinic.

Automated summary

Immunotherapy, particularly anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, has shown significant improvements in the survival of NSCLC patients, although the overall response rate remains suboptimal. Various factors influence treatment outcomes, indicating the importance of exploring biomarkers to better select patients and predict treatment efficacy accurately.