Metabolite Profiling of Methanolic Extract of Gardenia jaminoides by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS and Its Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Oxidant Activities

In this study, the methanolic extract from seeds of Gardenia jasminoides exhibited strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities with less toxicity to NIH3T3 and HepG2 cells at the concentration of 100 mu g/mL. The antioxidant activities (DPPH and ABTS), alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activities were found higher in methanolic extract (MeOH-E) than H2O extract. Besides, 9.82 +/- 0.62 mu g and 6.42 +/- 0.26 mu g of MeOH-E were equivalent to 1 mu g ascorbic acid for ABTS and DPPH scavenging, respectively while 9.02 +/- 0.25 mu g and 6.52 +/- 0.15 mu g of MeOH-E were equivalent to 1 mu g of acarbose for inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase respectively. Moreover, the cell assay revealed that the addition of MeOH-E (12.5 mu g/mL) increased about 37% of glucose uptake in insulin resistant (IR) HepG2 as compared to untreated IR HepG2 cells. The LC- MS/MS and GC-MS analysis of MeOH-E revealed a total of 54 compounds including terpenoids, glycosides, fatty acid, phenolic acid derivatives. Among the identified compounds, chlorogenic acid and jasminoside A were found promising for anti-diabetic activity revealed by molecular docking study and these molecules are deserving further purification and molecular analysis.

Automated summary

The methanolic extract from Gardenia jasminoides seeds exhibited strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities with less toxicity to cells. The antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities were found to be higher in the methanolic extract compared to the water extract. Additionally, certain compounds in the methanolic extract showed promise for anti-diabetic activity and may warrant further research.