Challenges for impedimetric affinity sensors targeting protein detection

The review provides articles discussing big challenges behind successful design of impedimetric biosensors and the way such challenges were/could be addressed for highly sensitive affinity detection of proteins. In particular, the effect of gold etching by chloride ions or by CN- ions (released from the redox probe [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-)), the effect of ionic strength of the assay buffer; the effect of initial interfacial properties (capacitance) and the effect of the high analyte:bioreceptor ratio on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based biosensing are discussed. The review provides also short discussion related to other factors, which can significantly affect operational performance of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based biosensing including novel conductive interfaces, small bioreceptors, strategies for improved selectivity (nonbiofouling interfaces) and sensitivity (use of nanoparticles).

Automated summary

The review discusses the challenges and solutions for the successful design of impedimetric biosensors for highly sensitive affinity detection of proteins, including the effects of gold etching, ionic strength, interface properties, and analyte:bioreceptor ratio. Additionally, it touches on other factors like conductive interfaces, small bioreceptors, and strategies for improved selectivity and sensitivity.