Journal
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
Volume 6, Issue 2, Pages 503-519Publisher
KEAI PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.025
Keywords
Nanocomposite; Magnesium ion; Microenvironment; 3D scaffold; Bone tissue regeneration
Funding
- National key R&D Program of China [2018YFC1105100]
- Health and Medical Research Fund [19180712]
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Funds [JSGG20180507183242702]
- Hong Kong Innovation Technology Fund [ITS/287/17, ITS/405/18]
- Hong Kong Research Grant Council General Research Fund [17214516]
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [18410760600]
- International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences [GJHZ1850]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81572113]
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The study examines the impact of magnesium ions on tissue microenvironment on bone regeneration, showing that moderate magnesium ion content promotes bone formation while absence or excessive magnesium ions inhibit it. The migration of magnesium ions plays a crucial role in bone regeneration.
The fate of cells and subsequent bone regeneration is highly correlated with temporospatial coordination of chemical, biological, or physical cues within a local tissue microenvironment. Deeper understanding of how mammalian cells react to local tissue microenvironment is paramount important when designing next generation of biomaterials for tissue engineering. This study aims to investigate that the regulation of magnesium cationic (Mg2+) tissue microenvironment is able to convince early-stage bone regeneration and its mechanism undergoes intramembranous ossification. It was discovered that moderate Mg2+ content niche (similar to 4.11 mM) led to superior bone regeneration, while Mg2+-free and strong Mg2+ content (similar to 16.44 mM) discouraged cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, thereby bone formation was rarely found. When magnesium ions diffused into free Mg zone from concentrated zone in late time point, new bone formation on free Mg zone became significant through intramembranous ossification. This study successfully demonstrates that magnesium cationic microenvironment serves as an effective biochemical cue and is able to modulate the process of bony tissue regeneration. The knowledge of how a Mg2+ cationic microenvironment intertwines with cells and subsequent bone formation gained from this study may provide a new insight to develop the next generation of tissue-repairing biomaterials.
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