Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 23, Issue 19, Pages 19116-19125Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7107-1
Keywords
GC-MS; Online HS-SPME; Odorant; Estrogenic; Alkylphenol; Chlorophenol; Surface water
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Funding
- Key Program of National Natural Science of China [41330639]
- Program for National Natural Science Foundation of China [21107025, 21577040, U1501234]
- Special funds for public welfare research and capacity building in Guangdong Province [B2153210]
- Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China [201510010162]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2014ZM0073]
- [D8144320]
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A simple online headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of trace amounts of nine estrogenic odorant alkylphenols and chlorophenols and their derivatives in water samples. The extraction conditions of HS-SPME were optimized including fiber selection, extraction temperature, extraction time, and salt concentration. Results showed that divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber was the most appropriate one among the three selected commercial fibers, and the optimal extraction temperature, time, and salt concentration were 70 A degrees C, 30 min, and 0.25 g/mL, respectively. The developed method was validated and showed good linearity (R (2) > 0.989), low limit of detection (LOD, 0.002-0.5 mu g/L), and excellent recoveries (76-126 %) with low relative standard deviation (RSD, 0.7-12.9 %). The developed method was finally applied to two surface water samples and some of these target compounds were detected. All these detected compounds were below their odor thresholds, except for 2,4,6-TCAS and 2,4,6-TBAS wherein their concentrations were near their odor thresholds. However, in the two surface water samples, these detected compounds contributed to a certain amount of estrogenicity, which seemed to suggest that more attention should be paid to the issue of estrogenicity rather than to the odor problem.
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