Journal
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
Volume 56, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102542
Keywords
tDCS; HD-tDCS; Synaptic plasticity; Healthy volunteers; Neurology; Psychiatry
Categories
Funding
- Department of Biotechnology [BT/HRD-NBA-NWB/38/2019-20(6)]
- DBT Wellcome Trust India Alliance Intermediate fellowship [IA/CPHI/16/1/502662]
- Department of Biotechnology (DBT) - Wellcome Trust India Alliance [IA/CRC/19/1/610005]
- Indian Council of Medical Research [HRD/HEADNCS-01-2018]
- DBT Wellcome Trust India Alliance Early Career Fellowship [IA/CPHE/18/1/503956]
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HD-tDCS is a novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has focal and long-lasting neuromodulation effects. Despite being a recent technology, impactful studies have been conducted to understand its neurobiological effects and clinical applications.
HD-tDCS (High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation) is a novel non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) technique based on the principle that when weak intensity electric currents are targeted on specific areas of the scalp, they cause underlying cortical stimulation. HD-tDCS shares its technical methodology with conventional tDCS (montage comprising of one anode and one cathode) except for a few modifications that are believed to have focal and longer-lasting neuromodulation effects. Although HD-tDCS is a recently available NIBS technique, impactful studies, case reports, and few controlled trials have been conducted in this context, facilitating an understanding of its neurobiological effects and the clinical translation of the same in health care set-up. The current article narratively reviews the mechanism of action of HD-tDCS, and it systematically examines the cognitive, clinical, and neurobiological effects of HD-tDCS in healthy volunteers as well as patients with neuropsychiatric conditions. Thus, this review attempts to explore the role of HD-tDCS in present-day practice and the future in the context of various neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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