Journal
PLANTS-BASEL
Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/plants10020399
Keywords
plant cell wall; plant-pathogen interactions; Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns; cell wall-degrading enzymes; plant innate immunity
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Funding
- Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUT), project ORIGAMI [ARS01_00881]
- Sapienza Universita di Roma, Progetto di Ateneo Ricerche Universitarie 2019-Priming of defense responses in the trade-off between plant immunity and growth
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The plant cell wall is a complex structure that can restrict most microbes’ access. Plants have evolved proteins to inhibit CWDEs, reducing cell wall damage and triggering an immune response. This interaction between CWI surveillance system and the innate immune system helps strike a balance between defense and growth.
The plant cell wall (CW) is a complex structure that acts as a mechanical barrier, restricting the access to most microbes. Phytopathogenic microorganisms can deploy an arsenal of CW-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) that are required for virulence. In turn, plants have evolved proteins able to inhibit the activity of specific microbial CWDEs, reducing CW damage and favoring the accumulation of CW-derived fragments that act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and trigger an immune response in the host. CW-derived DAMPs might be a component of the complex system of surveillance of CW integrity (CWI), that plants have evolved to detect changes in CW properties. Microbial CWDEs can activate the plant CWI maintenance system and induce compensatory responses to reinforce CWs during infection. Recent evidence indicates that the CWI surveillance system interacts in a complex way with the innate immune system to fine-tune downstream responses and strike a balance between defense and growth.
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