Journal
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.639666
Keywords
glycosaminoglycan; protein; human disease; interaction; molecular recognition
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21877072]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2019MB014]
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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are negatively charged linear polysaccharides found on human cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix, interacting with a variety of proteins and playing crucial roles in physiological processes and human diseases. Recent advancements in analytical tools, especially mass spectrometry-based GAG sequencing, have deepened our understanding of GAG-protein interactions in disease mechanisms. This review focuses on the molecular basis and mechanisms of GAG-protein interactions in human diseases, as well as the development of novel therapeutics targeting specific GAG-protein interactions.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of linear and negatively charged polysaccharides that exist ubiquitously on the human cell surface as well as in the extracellular matrix. GAGs interact with a wide range of proteins, including proteases, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, enabling them to mediate many physiological processes, such as protein function, cellular adhesion and signaling. GAG-protein interactions participate in and intervene in a variety of human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. The breakthrough in analytical tools and approaches during the last two decades has facilitated a greater understanding of the importance of GAG-protein interactions and their roles in human diseases. This review focuses on aspects of the molecular basis and mechanisms of GAG-protein interactions involved in human disease. The most recent advances in analytical tools, especially mass spectrometry-based GAG sequencing and binding motif characterization methods, are introduced. An update of selected families of GAG binding proteins is presented. Perspectives on development of novel therapeutics targeting specific GAG-protein interactions are also covered in this review.
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