Journal
ANTIOXIDANTS
Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020295
Keywords
lipoxidation; electrophilic lipids; oxidative stress; cell signalling; regulation; selectivity; post-translational modifications
Funding
- Agencia Estatal de Investigacion, MICINN/ERDF [RTI2018-097624-B-I00]
- RETIC ARADYAL from ISCIII/ERDF [RD16/0006/0021]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie [847419]
- MICINN, Spain [BES-2016-076965, PRE2019-088194]
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [847419] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
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Protein lipoxidation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that affects diseases, but its role in cellular regulatory mechanisms is still unclear.
Protein lipoxidation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that consists of the covalent addition of reactive lipid species to proteins. This occurs under basal conditions but increases in situations associated with oxidative stress. Protein targets for lipoxidation include metabolic and signalling enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, and transcription factors, among others. There is strong evidence for the involvement of protein lipoxidation in disease, including atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Nevertheless, the involvement of lipoxidation in cellular regulatory mechanisms is less understood. Here we review basic aspects of protein lipoxidation and discuss several features that could support its role in cell signalling, including its selectivity, reversibility, and possibilities for regulation at the levels of the generation and/or detoxification of reactive lipids. Moreover, given the great structural variety of electrophilic lipid species, protein lipoxidation can contribute to the generation of multiple structurally and functionally diverse protein species. Finally, the nature of the lipoxidised proteins and residues provides a frameshift for a complex interplay with other post-translational modifications, including redox and redox-regulated modifications, such as oxidative modifications and phosphorylation, thus strengthening the importance of detailed knowledge of this process.
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