Journal
VACCINES
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030243
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; variant; spike protein; mutation; lineage; vaccine efficacy; neutralizing antibodies
Categories
Funding
- Spanish CSIC
- Obra Social La Caixa [CaixaImpulse CF01-0008]
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SARS-CoV-2 variants with higher transmissibility and mutations in the spike protein have direct implications on infection rates and resistance to antibodies. These variants have significant impacts on medical countermeasures and human health.
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in different continents is causing a major concern in human global health. These variants have in common a higher transmissibility, becoming dominant within populations in a short time, and an accumulation of a high number of mutations in the spike (S) protein, especially within the amino terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor binding domain (RBD). These mutations have direct implications on virus infection rates through higher affinity of S RBD for the cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor. There are also signs of enhanced virulence, re-infection frequency, and increased resistance to the action of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies from convalescence sera and in vaccinated individuals in regions where the variants spread dominantly. In this review, we describe the different SARS-CoV-2 variants that have thus far been identified in various parts of the world with mutational changes and biological properties as well as their impact in medical countermeasures and human health.
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